Gradians (gon)
A gradian, also called a gon, is an angular unit where one full circle equals 400 gradians. Each gradian equals 0.9 degrees or π/200 radians. This unit facilitates decimal subdivision of right angles and is defined by international standards for angular measurement [bipm-si-brochure].
Origin
Gradians were introduced in the late 18th century during the French Revolution to simplify angle calculations using a decimal system. The unit was later adopted by the ISO and BIPM as part of supplementary units to the SI [bipm-si-brochure].
Worldwide Use
Gradians are used in surveying, geodesy, and cartography, particularly in Europe, including France and Germany. They provide a convenient decimal-based alternative to degrees for precise angular measurements [nist-si-guide].
Common References
- Measuring angles in land surveying
- Navigation and mapmaking
- Civil engineering angle calculations